Uma kukhulunywa ngemboni yokugembula, igama elilodwa elivame ukuvela i-KYC - Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho. Kodwa yini ngempela i-KYC, futhi isebenza kanjani? Ake sihlole incazelo nencazelo ye-KYC futhi sihlole ukubaluleka kwayo emhlabeni wezezimali.
I-KYC, kafushane ethi Know Your Customer, iwumkhuba ojwayelekile embonini yokugembula oqinisekisa ukuthi abeluleki bangaqinisekisa ubunikazi bekhasimende futhi babe nokuqonda okuphelele kolwazi lwabo lokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nephrofayela yezezimali. Kubandakanya izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: uhlelo lokuhlonza ikhasimende (CIP), ukukhuthala kwamakhasimende (CDD), kanye ukukhuthala okuthuthukisiwe (EDD).
Njengemfuneko yezimiso zokuziphatha kochwepheshe embonini yezokuphepha, i-KYC isiza ukusungula iphrofayela yomuntu siqu yekhasimende ngalinye futhi iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho, iziqondiso, nemithetho. Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zithole ulwazi oluhlonzayo, ziqoqe imininingwane yekhasimende, futhi ziqoqe ulwazi olwengeziwe lwamakhasimende asengozini enkulu. Ukuhambisana ne-KYC ibuswa imithethonqubo efana ne-FINRA Rule 2090 (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) kanye Nomthetho we-FINRA 2111 (Ukufaneleka). Ukwengeza, i-KYC iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinyathelo zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali (AML) futhi iya ngokuya ibalulekile emakethe ye-cryptocurrency.
Ukuthatha okubalulekile:
- I-KYC (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) iwumkhuba ojwayelekile embonini yokugembula oqinisekisa ukuthi abeluleki bangaqinisekisa ubunikazi bekhasimende futhi baqonde iphrofayela yalo yezezimali.
- Izingxenye ezintathu ze-KYC wuhlelo lokuhlonza amakhasimende (CIP), ukukhuthala kwamakhasimende (CDD), kanye ukukhuthala okuthuthukisiwe (EDD).
- Ukuhambisana ne-KYC kubalulekile ukuthi ochwepheshe embonini yezokuphepha bakwazi ukusungula iphrofayili yomuntu siqu yekhasimende ngalinye futhi bahambisane nemithethonqubo nemithetho.
- I-KYC iyingxenye ebalulekile yezinyathelo zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali (i-AML) futhi izuza ukubaluleka emakethe ye-cryptocurrency.
- Ukuhambisana ne Imithethonqubo ye-KYC isiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bobugebengu bezezimali obufana nokushushumbiswa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula.
Izidingo ze-KYC: Uhlelo Lokuhlonza Kwekhasimende (CIP)
Ukuze uhambisane Imithethonqubo ye-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zihambisane ne-Customer Identification Programme (CIP). I-CIP idinga ukuthi lezi zikhungo ziqoqe futhi ziqinisekise izingcezu ezine ezibalulekile zokuhlonza ulwazi mayelana namakhasimende azo: igama lawo, usuku lokuzalwa, ikheli kanye nenombolo kamazisi. Ngokuvamile, amaklayenti kudingeka anikeze umazisi okhishwe uhulumeni njengobufakazi bobunikazi bawo, futhi ezinye izikhungo zingase zidinge izinhlobo ezimbili zikamazisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe okwengeziwe. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekheli kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene njengobufakazi be-ID noma imibhalo ehambisana naso.
Ngokusebenzisa i-CIP, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ukuthi ziqinisekisa ngempumelelo ubunikazi bamakhasimende azo futhi zithobelana nemithetho. Imithethonqubo ye-KYC. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ekuvimbeleni imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kukonke kwemisebenzi yezezimali. I-CIP iyingxenye ebalulekile ye Izidingo ze-KYC futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bohlelo lwezezimali.
Ukufingqa, i-CIP iyisinyathelo esidingekayo ku- Inqubo ye-KYC lokho kudinga izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi ziqoqe futhi ziqinisekise ulwazi olubalulekile lokuhlonza kumakhasimende azo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangaqinisekisa ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamakhasimende abo, bathobele imithetho ye-KYC, futhi banciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nobugebengu bezezimali. Ngokukhula kokwenziwa kwedijithali kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, i-CIP iya iba lula futhi isebenze kahle, ivumela izinqubo zokugibela amakhasimende ezisheshayo neziphephe kakhudlwana.
| Izidingo ze-CIP | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubunikazi | Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele ziqoqe futhi ziqinisekise amagama amaklayenti, izinsuku zokuzalwa, amakheli, nezinombolo zikamazisi. |
| I-ID ekhishwe nguHulumeni | Ngokuvamile amaklayenti kudingeka ukuthi anikeze umazisi okhishwe uhulumeni njengobufakazi bobunikazi bawo. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kwekheli | Ukuqinisekiswa kwekheli kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengobufakazi be-ID noma imibhalo ehambisana naso. |
| Ukuphepha Okuthuthukile | Ukusebenzisa i-CIP kuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kukonke kwemisebenzi yezezimali futhi kusiza ukuvimbela imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa. |
Qaphela: Ithebula elingenhla lifingqa izidingo ezibalulekile kanye nezinzuzo zokuqalisa Uhlelo Lokuhlonza Kwekhasimende (CIP) njengengxenye yokuthobela i-KYC.
Izidingo ze-KYC: Ukukhuthala Kwekhasimende (CDD)
Izidingo ze-KYC dlulela ngale kokuhlonza ikhasimende futhi kuhlanganisa nokukhuthala kwamakhasimende (CDD). I-CDD iyingxenye ebalulekile ye- Inqubo ye-KYC futhi kuhilela ukuqoqa nokuqinisekisa zonke iziqinisekiso zekhasimende ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi bawo nokuhlola iphrofayela yabo yobungozi ukuze uthole umsebenzi osolisayo we-akhawunti. Ngokwenza ngokucophelela okukhulu, izikhungo zezezimali zingakwazi ukuhlonza amakhasimende asengozini enkulu futhi zinciphise ubungozi obungaba khona obuhlobene nokushushumbiswa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-CDD, izikhungo zezimali zithola ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yebhizinisi yekhasimende, zihlole isigaba sazo sobungozi, futhi ziqinisekise amadokhumenti afana nezikweletu zezinsiza ukuze uthole ubufakazi bekheli. Le ndlela ebanzi yenza izikhungo zithole ukuqonda kangcono amakhasimende azo futhi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nama-akhawunti abo.
"Ukukhuthala okufanele kwamakhasimende kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo ye-KYC, evumela izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zihlole izinga lobungozi lamakhasimende azo futhi zisebenzise izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali."
Izici ezibalulekile ze-CDD ku-KYC:
- Ukuqoqa nokuqinisekisa imininingwane yekhasimende
- Ukuhlola amaphrofayili engcuphe yekhasimende
- Ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yebhizinisi yamakhasimende
- Ukuqinisekisa amadokhumenti obufakazi bekheli
Inqubo ye-CDD idala iphrofayili yekhasimende ephelele, isiza izikhungo zezezimali ziqonde imisebenzi yezezimali yamakhasimende azo futhi zihlonze noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ngokuqinisekisa i-CDD ephumelelayo, izikhungo zingagcina ukuthobela imithetho futhi zizivikele ebugebengwini bezezimali.
| Izinyathelo ze-CDD | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Iqoqa imininingwane yekhasimende | Qoqa lonke ulwazi oludingekayo namadokhumenti ukuze uqinisekise ubunikazi bekhasimende. |
| Ukuhlola amaphrofayili engcuphe | Hlola izinga lobungozi lekhasimende ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yabo yebhizinisi, umlando wezezimali, nezinye izici ezifanele. |
| Ukuqinisekisa ubufakazi bekheli | Qinisekisa ikheli lekhasimende lendawo yokuhlala noma lebhizinisi ngamadokhumenti afana nezikweletu zezinsiza noma ukuqashisa. |
| Ukuqapha imisebenzi ye-akhawunti | Qhubeka uqaphe okwenziwa ngamakhasimende kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo, uqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho ye-KYC. |
"Ukukhuthala okufanele kwamakhasimende kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ohlelweni lwe-KYC, okuvumela izikhungo zezimali ukuthi zihlole ubungozi bamakhasimende futhi zivikele ubugebengu obungenzeka bezezimali."
"I-CDD isiza izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi ziqonde amakhasimende azo futhi zinciphise izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokushushumbiswa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula."
Izidingo ze-KYC: Ukukhuthala Okufanele Okuthuthukisiwe (EDD)
Ukukhuthala okufanele okuthuthukisiwe (EDD) iyingxenye ebalulekile ye Izidingo ze-KYC ehlose ukuhlonza nokuphatha amakhasimende asengozini enkulu. Leli zinga elengeziwe lokucutshungulwa liyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali (i-AML) nokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali obufana nokushushumbisa imali, ukuxhasa ngezimali ubuphekula, nokukhwabanisa.
Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-EDD, izikhungo zezezimali zeqa izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokukhuthala kwamakhasimende (CDD) ukuze ziqoqe ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi zenze ukuhlaziya okujulile kwesizinda nomsebenzi wekhasimende. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola umthombo wemali wekhasimende, ubudlelwano bebhizinisi, nanoma yiziphi izici ezingase zibe yingozi enkulu.
Inhloso eyinhloko ye-EDD ukuthola ukuqonda okuphelele kwephrofayela yekhasimende engozini futhi uthole noma yimaphi amafulegi abomvu angase abonise imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ze-EDD, izikhungo zezezimali zingathuthukisa imizamo yazo yokulawula ubungozi futhi ziqinise isiko lakho lonke Ukuhambisana ne-KYC uhlaka.
I-EDD isebenza njengesivikelo esibalulekile ebugebengwini bezezimali, iqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zinenqubo eqinile ekhona yokuhlonza nokuqapha amakhasimende asengozini enkulu. Ngokuqoqwa kolwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokuhlaziywa okuphelele kokuziphatha kwamakhasimende, i-EDD inikeza izinga elijulile lokuqonda ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona futhi yenza izikhungo zikwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuzinciphisa.
| Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokukhuthala Okufanele Okuthuthukisiwe (EDD) | Ukubaluleka |
|---|---|
| Iphrofayili Yekhasimende Ethuthukisiwe | Ngokwenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwephrofayela yezezimali yekhasimende, izinhlangano zebhizinisi, namaphethini okwenziwayo, izikhungo zezezimali zingathola ukuqonda okujulile kwezinga lengozi yekhasimende. |
| Ukuhlonza Inkomba Yengozi Ephezulu | I-EDD isiza ukukhomba izinkomba ezingaba yingozi enkulu njengamavolumu okwenziwayo angajwayelekile, imithombo yezimali engahambisani, nezinhlaka zobunikazi eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza izikhungo zikwazi ukuphenya ngokuqhubekayo futhi zithathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma kunesidingo. |
| Ukuqapha Nokubikwa Okuthuthukisiwe | Izikhungo zezezimali kumele zisungule izinhlelo eziqinile zokuqapha nokubika okuqhubekayo kwamakhasimende asengozini enkulu. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubuyekezwa okuvamile komsebenzi wamakhasimende, ukuqapha okwenziwayo, kanye nokubika izenzo ezisolisayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele. |
Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ze-EDD kungaletha izinselele ezikhungweni zezimali ngenxa yezinsiza ezengeziwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinselelo zingancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ziqondise inqubo ye-EDD. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), nokufunda komshini kungasiza izikhungo zibone amaphethini nokudidayo okungase kudingeke ukuthi kuphenywe okwengeziwe.
Sengiphetha, inkuthalo efanele ethuthukisiwe (EDD) iyingxenye ebalulekile yezidingo ze-KYC esiza izikhungo zezezimali zibone futhi zilawule amakhasimende asengozini enkulu. Ngokudlulela ngale kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokukhuthala kwamakhasimende, izikhungo zingathola ukuqonda okuphelele kwephrofayili yobungozi bekhasimende futhi zithathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali. Nakuba ukusebenzisa i-EDD kungase kube inselele, ukusebenzisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe kungasiza ukuhlela inqubo futhi kuthuthukise imizamo yokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuthobelana kwe-KYC: I-AML ne-KYC
Ukuthobela i-KYC kuxhumene kakhulu nemizamo yokulwa nokukhwabanisa (i-AML). I-US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (i-FinCEN) idinga kokubili amakhasimende nezikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zithobele izindinganiso ze-KYC ukuze kuvinjelwe imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, ikakhulukazi ukushushumbiswa kwemali. Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele ziqonde uhlobo nenjongo yobudlelwano bamakhasimende, zithuthukise iphrofayili yekhasimende elisengozini, futhi zigcine ulwazi olunembile lwekhasimende. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwama-akhawunti emisebenzi esolisayo nakho kubalulekile. Ukuthobela i-KYC kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe ubugebengu bezezimali kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo.
Ukuhambisana ne-KYC kanye ne-AML
Ukuthobela imithetho ye-KYC kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokushushumbiswa kwemali nobunye ubugebengu bezezimali. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezisebenzayo ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zingathola futhi zinqande imisebenzi engekho emthethweni futhi zivikele amakhasimende azo, ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali, kanye nesithunzi sazo. Izinyathelo ze-KYC zifaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende, ukuhlola amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, nokuqapha imisebenzi yawo. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ngenkuthalo, izikhungo zezezimali zingasekela imizamo ye-AML futhi ziqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho nemithetho efanele.
“Ukuthobela i-KYC kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemizamo ye-AML embonini yezezimali. Isiza izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zinciphise ubungozi bokushushumbisa imali kanye nobunye ubugebengu bezezimali ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi zinolwazi olunembile nolwakamuva olumayelana namakhasimende azo. Ngokusungula ukuqonda okuphelele kobunikazi bekhasimende ngalinye kanye nephrofayili yengcuphe, izikhungo zezezimali zikuhlomele kangcono ukuhlonza nokubika imisebenzi esolisayo. Ukuthobela i-KYC akuyona nje imfuneko yokulawula kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvikeleni ubuqotho bohlelo lwezezimali.”
Abalawuli neziphathimandla emhlabeni wonke bayayibona ukubaluleka kwe-KYC ukuhambisana nokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali. Basebenzise izinhlaka eziqinile neziqondiso zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zithobela izindinganiso ze-KYC. Le mithethonqubo ivamise ukufaka izimfuneko zokuhlonza amakhasimende, ukukhuthala okufanele, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngokuthobelana nale mithetho, izikhungo zezezimali zinganikela kuhlelo lwezezimali oluphephile futhi oluvikeleke kakhudlwana, lukhuthaze ukwethembana nokwethembeka phakathi kwamakhasimende, abalawuli, kanye nomphakathi.
| Amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo | Izinzuzo zokuthobela i-KYC |
|---|---|
| 1 | Ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa kwemali kanye noxhaso lwamaphekula |
| 2 | Ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali |
| 3 | Ukuvikela amakhasimende ekukhwabaniseni nasekuntshontsheni imininingwane |
| 4 | Ukuhambisana nezidingo zokulawula kanye nokugwema izinhlawulo |
Sengiphetha, ukuthobela i-KYC kuyisici esibalulekile semizamo ye-AML embonini yezezimali. Isiza ekuvimbeleni ukushushumbiswa kwemali, uxhaso lwamaphekula, nobunye ubugebengu bezezimali ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zinolwazi olunembile nolwakamuva lwamakhasimende. Ngokuthobela imithetho neziqondiso ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zingaba neqhaza ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kohlelo lwezezimali kuyilapho zivikela amakhasimende azo kanye nesithunzi sazo.
I-KYC kanye ne-Cryptocurrency
Ukwenyuka kwezimali ze-crypto kulethe ukunaka esidingweni se-KYC emakethe yezimpahla zedijithali. Ama-Cryptocurrencies ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhwebelana ehlukaniselwe indawo, engasiza ukushushumbiswa kwemali nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Izindikimba ezibusayo zicabanga ukubeka izimfuneko ze-KYC ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nge-cryptocurrency ukuze kuliwe nemisebenzi enjalo. Nakuba kungakaphoqelekile, amapulatifomu amaningi e-crypto asebenzise izinqubo ze-KYC ukuze zihambisane nezikhungo zezezimali kanye nemihlahlandlela yokulawula. I-KYC esikhaleni semali ye-crypto isiza ekuqinisekiseni obala futhi ivimbele ukuthengiselana okuwumgunyathi.
Indawo eyodwa ebalulekile lapho i-KYC ikhula ngokubaluleke kakhulu isendaweni yamakhasino e-crypto. Lezi zinkundla eziku-inthanethi zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bagembule ngezimali ezifihlekile, okubenza bathandeke kubo bobabili abadlali abasemthethweni nalabo abanezinhloso ezimbi. Ngokungaziwa okunikezwa ama-cryptocurrencies, kubaluleka ukuthi amakhasino e-crypto asebenzise izinyathelo eziqinile ze-KYC. Ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi bamakhasimende kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi olufanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuxhashazwa kwemali, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhashazwa kwabantu abasengozini.
Ithebula:
| Izinzuzo ze-KYC emakethe ye-Cryptocurrency |
|---|
| I-KYC isiza ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa kwemali nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni esikhaleni se-crypto. |
| Ukusebenzisa izinqubo ze-KYC kuqinisekisa ukuthobela imihlahlandlela yokulawula. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi bamakhasimende kusiza ukuvimbela ukuthengiselana okuwumgunyathi. |
| Izinyathelo ze-KYC zithuthukisa ukucaca nokwethenjwa emakethe ye-crypto. |
Ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ze-KYC, amakhasino e-crypto angasungula izinga lokwethembana nokuphepha kubasebenzisi bawo. Ibavumela ukuthi bazihlukanise njengabasebenzi abanomthwalo wemfanelo nabathobelayo embonini ethuthukayo. Nakuba abanye bengase baphikise ngokuthi i-KYC ingqubuzana nezimiso zokungaziwa ezinikezwa yi-cryptocurrencies, ukuqaliswa kwayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzisi futhi kugcinwe ubuqotho bemakethe yezimpahla zedijithali.
Ukuqinisekisa Imakethe Ye-Crypto Evikelekile Nesemthethweni
Izinqubo ze-KYC azisizi nje kuphela ukuvimbela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni kodwa futhi zinomthelela ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemakethe ye-cryptocurrency. Ngokusebenzisa izimfuneko ze-KYC, izinkundla ze-crypto zingasungula indawo evikelekile lapho abasebenzisi bengahlanganyela khona ekuhwebeni okusemthethweni ngaphandle kokwesaba imikhonyovu noma imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa.
Quote:
“I-KYC ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekwamukelweni kwemali eyimfihlo njengohlobo olusemthethweni lwemali yedijithali. Ngokuqinisekisa ukubeka izinto obala nokuthobelana, singakha ukwethembana futhi sihehe ababambiqhaza abaningi emakethe ye-crypto. " - Isazi semboni ye-Crypto.
Njengoba imakethe ye-cryptocurrency iqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi izidingo ze-KYC zizokwanda futhi ziqine. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela kokubili abatshalizimali kanye nesithunzi sezimali zedijithali. Izinqubo ze-KYC embonini ye-crypto ziyisinyathelo sokwenza imakethe ibe semthethweni kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC: Ukubaluleka Kokuqinisekiswa Kobunikazi Bekhasimende
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kuyisici esibucayi se Inqubo ye-KYC. Kubandakanya ukusungula nokuqinisekisa ukuthi angobani amakhasimende ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuqinisekisa ikhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, nokuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende ayilabo abathi bayikho futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukwebiwa kobunikazi nokukhwabanisa.
Enye yezinjongo ezibalulekile ze Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana nokushushumbiswa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula. Ngokuqinisekisa kahle ubunikazi bamakhasimende, izikhungo zezezimali zinganciphisa amathuba okuba izimali ezingekho emthethweni zingene ohlelweni. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ubuqotho bohlelo lwezezimali futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi angasebenza endaweni evikelekile.
“Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kobunikazi bamakhasimende. Kuvumela izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zithole izinga lokwethembana kumakhasimende azo, ziqinisekise ukuthi abantu abasemthethweni kuphela abanikezwa ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zabo,” kusho uJane Smith, uchwepheshe we-KYC kwa-XYZ Financial Services.
Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ye-KYC ngokuvamile ihilela ukucela amakhasimende ukuthi ahlinzeke ngamadokhumenti afanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuwena. Lawa maphepha angase ahlanganise amakhadi kamazisi akhishwe uhulumeni, amaphasipoti, noma izincwadi zokushayela. Ukwengeza, amakhasimende kungase kudingeke ukuthi ahlinzeke ngamadokhumenti engeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ikheli lawo, njengezikweletu zezinsiza noma izitatimende zasebhange.
| Izinzuzo zokuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC | Izinselelo zokuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC |
|---|---|
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Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile embonini yezezimali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamakhasimende futhi kuliwe nobugebengu bezezimali. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile kanye nokuthobela izidingo zokulawula, izikhungo zezezimali zingasungula ukwethembana namakhasimende azo futhi zinikele ohlelweni lwezezimali oluvikelekile nolusobala.
I-KYC Emkhakheni Wamabhange: Ukuhlonzwa Kwekhasimende Nokukhuthala Okufanelekile
Umkhakha wamabhange ungenye yezindawo ezibalulekile lapho izimfuneko ze-Know Your Customer (KYC) zidlala indima ebalulekile. I-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange ibandakanya ukuhlonzwa kwamakhasimende kanye nokwenza ngokucophelela ukuhlola ubungozi. Izikhungo zezezimali zinesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi angobani amakhasimende azo, okuhlanganisa abanikazi bamabhizinisi abanenzuzo, nokubuyekeza ama-akhawunti ekhasimende nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongekho emthethweni.
Ukuhlonzwa kwekhasimende kuyisici esibalulekile se-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange. Amabhange kufanele athole ulwazi olunembile ngamakhasimende awo, okuhlanganisa igama lawo eliphelele, usuku lokuzalwa, ikheli kanye nenombolo kamazisi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekutholeni ubunikazi bekhasimende kanye nokuthobela imithetho ye-KYC. Amabhange angase adinge amakhasimende ukuthi anikeze imibhalo kamazisi ekhishwe uhulumeni, njengamalayisense okushayela noma amaphasipoti, ukuze aqinisekise ubunikazi bawo.
Ukukhuthala kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile ye-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange. Kubandakanya ukuhlola ubungozi obuhlobene nekhasimende ngokuqoqa ulwazi olunzulu mayelana nemisebenzi yalo yebhizinisi, imisebenzi yezezimali, nesigaba sobungozi. Amabhange kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi anokuqonda okucacile kwemvelo nenjongo yemisebenzi yekhasimende ukuze athole futhi avimbele imisebenzi yezezimali engekho emthethweni, njengokushushumbisa imali noma ukuxhasa ngezimali ubuphekula.
Kafushane, izidingo ze-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange kuhloswe ngazo ukuhlonza amakhasimende, ukuqonda imisebenzi yawo, kanye nokwenza ngokucophelela ukuhlola ubungozi. Ngokuthobela lezi zidingo, amabhange angagcina ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali, ehlise ubungozi bobugebengu bezezimali, futhi athobele imihlahlandlela yokulawula.
Amadokhumenti e-KYC: Ubufakazi Bokuthi Ungubani Nekheli
Inqubo ye-KYC idinga amakhasimende ukuthi ahlinzeke ngamadokhumenti athile ukuze afakazele ubunikazi bawo nekheli. Le mibhalo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ulwazi lwekhasimende kanye nokuthobela imithetho ye-KYC. Nawa amanye amadokhumenti ajwayelekile adingwa yizikhungo zezimali:
- I-ID ekhishwe uhulumeni: Amakhasimende ngokuvamile acelwa ukuthi anikeze umazisi osemthethweni okhishwe uhulumeni njengelayisensi yokushayela, ipasipoti, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, noma ikhadi lokuvikela umphakathi. Ezinye izikhungo zingadinga izinhlobo ezimbili zikamazisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe okwengeziwe.
- Ubufakazi bekheli: Amakhasimende adinga ukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti aqinisekisa ikheli lawo lamanje. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokwethula izikweletu zezinsiza, izitatimende zasebhange, noma izivumelwano zokuqasha. Idokhumenti kufanele ibonise igama nekheli lekhasimende futhi kufanele kube okwakamuva (phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ezedlule) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba.
Izikhungo zezezimali zisebenzisa la madokhumenti ukuze zithole ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamakhasimende futhi ziqinisekise indawo yawo yokuhlala. Ukuhlonza okufanele nokuqinisekiswa kwekheli kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuthobela i-KYC, njengoba zisiza ekwehliseni ubungozi obuhlobene nokuxhaphaza imali, ukukhwabanisa, neminye imisebenzi engekho emthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zibuyekeze ngokucophelela futhi ziqinisekise lawa madokhumenti ukuze zigcine ubuqotho benqubo ye-KYC. Izinqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile zisiza ukuvimbela ukwebiwa kobunikazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithethonqubo, nokuvikela kokubili amakhasimende namabhizinisi ebugebengwini bezezimali.
Ukubaluleka Kokuqinisekisa Okufanelekile kwe-KYC
Ukuqinisekiswa okufanele kwe-KYC kubalulekile esimweni sezezimali sanamuhla. Ivumela izikhungo ukuthi zisungule ukwethembana kumakhasimende azo, zinqande izenzo zokukhwabanisa, futhi zithobele izimfuneko zokulawula. Ngokuqoqa nokuqinisekisa imibhalo edingekayo, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ukunemba kolwazi lwamakhasimende futhi zinciphise ubungozi bemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.
Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa i-KYC ziye zaba lula futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo. Izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena kanye nobuchwepheshe be-biometric, njengokubonwa kobuso nokuhlolwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe, kuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuvikeleka kwenqubo yokuqinisekisa. Lezi zinto ezintsha zivumela ukungena ngokushesha, zinciphise umsebenzi wamaphepha, futhi zinikeze ulwazi lwekhasimende olungenazihibe kuyilapho kugcinwa izindinganiso zokuthobela eziqinile.
| Amadokhumenti e-KYC | Ubufakazi Bokuthi Ungubani | Ubufakazi Bekheli |
|---|---|---|
| Umazisi okhishwe nguhulumeni | Ilayisense yokushayela, iphasipoti, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, ikhadi lokuvikela umphakathi | Izikweletu zezinsiza, izitatimende zasebhange, izivumelwano zokuqasha |
| Okwakamuva futhi Kuvumelekile | Kuvumelekile futhi akuphelelwe yisikhathi | Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule |
Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ze-KYC eziqinile nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, izikhungo zezezimali zingavikela kangcono amakhasimende azo kanye nobuqotho besistimu yezezimali iyonke.
Izinselelo Nezindleko Zokuhambisana ne-KYC
Ukuthobelana nemithetho ye-Know Your Customer (KYC) kuletha izinselele ezinkulu ezikhungweni zezimali, kokubili ngokwezindleko nobunzima. Inani elandayo lezidingo zokulawula kanye nesidingo sokucophelela okufanelekile kwamakhasimende kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokuthobela amabhizinisi. Ngokwenhlolovo, izikhungo zezezimali zingasebenzisa izigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke ekuthobeleni i-KYC. Lezi zindleko zihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe, abasebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle.
Ubunkimbinkimbi bokuthobela i-KYC buvela esidingweni sokuqoqa nokuqinisekisa ulwazi oluningi lwamakhasimende, ukwenza uhlolo lwengozi, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha eziqinile. Izikhungo zezezimali kudingeka ukuthi zikhombe futhi ziqinisekise ubunikazi bamakhasimende azo, zihlole amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, futhi ziqaphe ukuthengiselana kwazo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi esolisayo. Ukufeza lezi zidingo kubandakanya ukuthuthukisa nokugcina izinhlelo ze-KYC eziphelele ezibuyekezwayo futhi zivumelane nemithetho eguqukayo kanye nezindlela ezihamba phambili zemboni.
Ukuthobela imithetho ye-KYC kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ukuthuthukisa nokugcina izinhlelo ze-KYC ezisebenzayo. Ngokwenhlolovo, izindleko zokuthobela umthetho zingafinyelela ezigidini zamadola ngonyaka ezikhungweni zezimali.
Enye inselele ekuthobeleni kwe-KYC isidingo sezibuyekezo zolwazi lwekhasimende oluqhubekayo nokubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi idatha yamakhasimende ihlala inembile futhi isesikhathini, zihlola njalo ukuze zihlonze noma yiziphi izinguquko kumaphrofayela wengcuphe yekhasimende noma amafulegi abomvu angaba khona. Lokhu kuqapha okuqhubekayo kudinga izinsiza ezizinikele kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingahlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha futhi zithole noma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo.
Naphezu kwezinselele nezindleko, ukuthobela i-KYC kubalulekile ukuze izikhungo zezezimali zivikele ekukhohliseni, ekukhwabaniseni imali, nobunye ubugebengu bezezimali. Kusiza ukuvikela ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali, ukuvikela amakhasimende namabhizinisi ekulahlekelweni okuvela ngenxa yezimali ezingekho emthethweni nemisebenzi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho. Yize izindleko zokuthobela i-KYC zingaba nkulu, ziyizimali ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukwethenjwa, ukuphepha, kanye nokuzethemba embonini yezezimali.
Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezindleko Zokuthobelana ne-KYC
| Isigaba Sezindleko | Iphesenti Lezindleko Eziphelele |
|---|---|
| Technology Investments | 35% |
| Abasebenzi Nokuqeqeshwa | 25% |
| Imisebenzi Yesithathu | 20% |
| Ukuqapha kanye Nezinhlelo Zokubika | 15% |
| Ukucutshungulwa Kokuhambisana | 5% |
Izindlela Ezintsha ku-KYC: I-Digitalization kanye ne-Biometrics
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ubuchwepheshe obusha bushintshe indlela esibhekana ngayo nezinqubo ze-Know Your Customer (KYC). Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezinqubo ze-KYC kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-biometrics kuvele njengabashintshi begeyimu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kwezinqubo ze-KYC.
Iqhaza Lokwenza Idijithali
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezinqubo ze-KYC kulethe intuthuko enkulu ekwenzeni lula ukungena kwamakhasimende kanye nokunciphisa izinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla. Ubunikazi be-Digital izixazululo zokuqinisekisa zinika amandla ukuqinisekiswa okuzenzakalelayo kobunikazi bamakhasimende, kuqeda isidingo sokuvakasha komuntu mathupha kanye nokubhala amaphepha. Lokhu akugcini nje konga isikhathi nezinsiza kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende jikelele. Ngamaphothali aku-inthanethi avikelekile, amakhasimende angathumela kalula imibhalo yawo kamazisi futhi aqedele inqubo ye-KYC ngokunethezeka kwamakhaya awo.
Amandla e-Biometrics
Ubuchwepheshe bebhayomethrikhi, obufana nokubonwa kobuso nokuhlolwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe, sebuvame kakhulu ezinqubweni ze-KYC. Lezi zindlela ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe nokunemba ekuqinisekiseni ubunikazi bamakhasimende. Ngokusebenzisa izici eziyingqayizivele zebhayomethrikhi, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende ayilokho ezithi ayikho, kunciphise ubungozi bokwebiwa kobunikazi kanye nokukhwabanisa. I-Biometrics ihlinzeka ngendlela eqine kakhulu nethembekile yokuqinisekisa ubuwena, okuvumela izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zivikele ekuphuleni ukuphepha okungaba khona.
Izinzuzo zeDigitalization kanye neBiometrics
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali kanye ne-biometrics ezinqubweni ze-KYC kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini senqubo yokugibela, okwenza izikhungo zezezimali zikwazi ukungena kumakhasimende ngokushesha nangokukhululekile. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biometrics kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bemisebenzi yokukhwabanisa ngokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamakhasimende. Okokugcina, inhlanganisela yokwenza idijithali kanye ne-biometrics ithuthukisa ukuvikeleka okuphelele nokunemba kwezinqubo ze-KYC, ivikela kokubili amakhasimende nezikhungo zezezimali ezingozini ezingaba khona.
Kafushane, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezinqubo ze-KYC kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-biometrics kushintsha indlela esibhekana ngayo nokuqinisekiswa kobunikazi. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokunemba kwezinqubo ze-KYC, ekugcineni zizuzisa amakhasimende nezikhungo zezezimali. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ikusasa le-KYC ngokungangabazeki lizololongwa ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe identity digital izixazululo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-biometric.
I-Global Landscape ye-KYC: I-AMLD Directive and Regulations
Imithetho ye-KYC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuxhashazwa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaphekula emhlabeni wonke. E-Europe, Iziqondiso Zesine nesihlanu Eziphikisana Nokwebiwa Kwemali (i-AMLD4 kanye ne-AMLD5) zethule izidingo eziqinile ukuze izikhungo zezezimali zihambisane nazo. Lezi ziqondiso zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda amakhasimende, ukuqhuba inkuthalo efanele, nokugcina amazinga e-KYC aqinile.
Ngaphansi kweziqondiso ze-AMLD4 kanye ne-AMLD5, izikhungo zezezimali kudingeka zisebenzise ukuhlonza amakhasimende okuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angobani amakhasimende, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwama-akhawunti ekhasimende, kanye nokubika ukuthengiselana okusolisayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Ngokunamathela kule mithethonqubo, izikhungo zezezimali zingafaka isandla ekulweni nobugebengu bezezimali emhlabeni wonke.
| Izici ezibalulekile ze-AMLD4 ne-AMLD5: | Umthelela Ezikhungweni Zezezimali: |
|---|---|
| Ukukhuthala Kwekhasimende Okuthuthukisiwe (CDD) | Izikhungo zezezimali kumele zitshale kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kanye nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqhutshwe i-CDD ephelele kumakhasimende asengozini enkulu. |
| Indlela esekelwe engcupheni | Izikhungo zezezimali zidinga ukuthuthukisa imininingwane yobungozi kumakhasimende azo futhi zisebenzise izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi ngendlela efanele. |
| Ubunikazi Bokugcina Bokuhlomula (UBO) Identification | Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zihlonze futhi ziqinisekise abanikazi bokugcina abanenzuzo bezinhlangano ezisemthethweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxhashazwa kwemali ngezinhlaka zobunikazi eziyinkimbinkimbi. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yekhasimende | Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zihlole futhi zihlukanise amakhasimende ngokwezigaba ngokusekelwe kumaphrofayili abo obungozi ukuze zinqume izinga lokukhuthala okufanele. |
| Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi | Izikhungo zezezimali kumele zigcine amarekhodi anembile nakamuva olwazi lwekhasimende, okwenziwayo, kanye nezinyathelo zokukhuthala okufanele. |
Sekukonke, iziqondiso ze-AMLD ziyiqinise kakhulu imithetho ye-KYC kanye nezidingo zokuthobela izikhungo zezezimali. Ngokusebenzisa le mithethonqubo, amazwe ahlose ukuvikela izinhlelo zawo zezezimali ekusetshenzisweni njengemigudu yemisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Izikhungo zezezimali zidinga ukuhlala zinolwazi futhi zizivumelanise nale mithethonqubo ethuthukayo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthotshelwa okuphelele nokugcina ubuqotho bohlelo lwezimali zomhlaba.
Ikusasa le-KYC: I-Digital Identity kanye ne-Centralization
Ikusasa le-Know Your Customer (KYC) lisethelwe ukuthi lilolongwe ukuthuthuka kwe identity digital ubuchwepheshe futhi anda ukumaphakathi yedatha yekhasimende. Lezi zinguquko zinikeza izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kwezinqubo ze-KYC, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende kanye nokuthobela imithetho.
Izixazululo zobunikazi bedijithali zidlala indima ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo se-KYC. Lezi zixazululo zithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokwenza lula inqubo yokugibela amakhasimende, ukunciphisa amaphepha okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ubuwena bedijithali njengokuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, nokuqinisekiswa kwamadokhumenti, izikhungo zezezimali zingasungula futhi ziqinisekise ubunikazi bamakhasimende azo ngokuphepha nangokuphumelela kakhudlwana.
Ngokungeziwe kubunikazi bedijithali, ikusasa le-KYC lifaka phakathi ukumaphakathi yedatha yekhasimende. Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende, izikhungo zezezimali zingathuthukisa ukuqonda okuphelele kwamakhasimende azo futhi zihlole amaphrofayili abo engcuphe ngempumelelo. Le ndlela ebekwe endaweni eyodwa inika amandla ukuqapha okungcono kwentengiselwano nemisebenzi yamakhasimende, okuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuziphatha okusolisayo kanye nobugebengu obunamandla bezezimali.
Izinzuzo Zobunikazi Bedijithali kanye Nendawo eyodwa ku-KYC
Ukwamukelwa kobunikazi bedijithali kanye ukumaphakathi ku-KYC inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa kuzo zombili izikhungo zezezimali namakhasimende. Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe: Izixazululo zobunikazi bedijithali zilula inqubo yokugibela, zinciphisa isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo kumakhasimende kanye nezikhungo zezezimali.
- Ukuvikeleka Okuthuthukisiwe: Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ubuwena bedijithali, njengobuchwepheshe be-biometric, zinikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlonza zendabuko.
- Umuzwa Ongcono Wekhasimende: Ukusetshenziswa kobunikazi bedijithali kanye nokufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwenza inqubo ye-KYC ibe lula kumakhasimende, okuholela ekuzizwiseni okungenamthungo futhi okulula.
- Ukuhlola Ubungozi Okusebenzayo: Ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwedatha yamakhasimende kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamaphrofayili amakhasimende asengozini, okuvumela izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zibone futhi zinciphise ubungozi obungaba khona ngempumelelo.
Sekukonke, ikusasa le-KYC lilele ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bomazisi bedijithali kanye nokubeka phakathi idatha yekhasimende. Lezi ntuthuko azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukuvikeleka nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo ye-KYC kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekupheleleni okuphelele kohlelo lwezezimali.
Izinzuzo ze-KYC: Ukuvikela Ebugebengwini Bezezimali
I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezezimali ngokuvikela ebugebengwini bezezimali, ikakhulukazi ukushushumbiswa kwemali nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula. Ngokusungula izinqubo eziqinile ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende azo, zihlole amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, futhi ziqaphe ukuthengiselana kwazo ngemisebenzi esolisayo.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-KYC ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho. Ngokulandela izimfuneko ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zingahlangabezana nezibopho zazo ngaphansi kwemithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali futhi zigweme izinhlawulo kanye nemiphumela engokomthetho. Izinqubo ze-KYC zisiza futhi ukuvikela ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali ngokuvimbela ukungena kwezimali ezingekho emthethweni kanye nokuvikela amakhasimende namabhizinisi ekukhwabaniseni nasekulahlekelweni okubangelwa ukuthengiselana okungekho emthethweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-KYC ithuthukisa ukuphepha okuphelele kwe-ecosystem yezezimali. Ngokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende nokuhlola amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, izikhungo zezezimali zingakwazi ukuhlonza ngempumelelo futhi zinciphise ubungozi obungaba khona bokushushumbiswa kwemali, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula, neminye imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukwethenjwa nokuzethemba kwamakhasimende futhi stakeabanikazi ohlelweni lwezezimali.
"Izinqubo ze-KYC zisiza izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zibone futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi angobani amakhasimende azo, zihlole amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, futhi ziqaphe ukuthengiselana kwazo ngezinto ezisolisayo."
Sekukonke, izinzuzo ze-KYC zifinyelela kude. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo eziphumelelayo ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zinganciphisa ubungozi bobugebengu bezezimali, zivikele imisebenzi yazo, futhi zinikele ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke.
Iqhaza le-KYC Ekuqinisekiseni Ukuthengiselana Okuvikelekile
I-KYC (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuphephile ngokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende nokuhlola amaphrofayili abo engcuphe. Kubalulekile ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali ziqinisekise ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamakhasimende futhi ziqaphe ukuthengiselana kwazo ngemisebenzi esolisayo. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-KYC, amabhizinisi angavimbela imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa, ukushushumbiswa kwemali, nokuxhasa ngezimali ubuphekula, ekugcineni athuthukise ukuvikeleka kokuhwebelana kwezezimali futhi avikele izintshisekelo zawo kokubili amakhasimende nezikhungo zezezimali.
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani i-KYC ibaluleke kakhulu indima yayo ekwehliseni ubungozi obuhambisana nobugebengu bezezimali. Ngokwenza ukuhlonza amakhasimende okuphelele kanye nokukhuthala okufanele, izikhungo zezezimali zingahlola ngokunembile iphrofayili yengozi yekhasimende ngalinye futhi zihlonze noma imaphi amafulegi abomvu angaba khona. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izimali ezingekho emthethweni ukuthi zingangeni ohlelweni lwezezimali futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-KYC isiza ukugcina ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali ngokufaka ukwethembana phakathi kwamakhasimende namabhizinisi. Ngokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwemisebenzi futhi zivikele amakhasimende emisebenzini yokukhwabanisa. I-KYC iphinde isize ekuvimbeleni ukwebiwa komazisi, njengoba idinga amakhasimende ukuthi anikeze imibhalo ethembekile nobufakazi bekheli, kuncishiswe ubungozi bokufinyelela i-akhawunti okungagunyaziwe.
"I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuphephile, ukuvikela ebugebengwini bezezimali, kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bohlelo lwezezimali."
Ngokukhula okwandayo kokuhwebelana kwedijithali kanye nokwanda kwezimali ezikhiqizwe, isidingo sezinyathelo eziqinile ze-KYC sesigqame kakhulu. Izixazululo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena bedijithali nobuchwepheshe be-biometric kunikeza izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kwezinqubo ze-KYC. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza kube lula ukungena kwamakhasimende, kunciphise umsebenzi wamaphepha, futhi kunikeze izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nokubonwa kobuso nokuhlolwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ikusasa le-KYC lizogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nolwazi lwamakhasimende.
Ukubaluleka kwe-KYC Ekuqinisekiseni Ukuthengiselana Okuvikelekile
Kafushane, i-KYC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuvikelekile ngokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende, ukuhlola amaphrofayili abo engcuphe, nokuvimbela ubugebengu bezezimali. Isiza izikhungo zezezimali ukuthi zithobele imithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali futhi zigcine ubuqotho bohlelo lwezezimali. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izindlela ezintsha ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kobunikazi bedijithali kanye ne-biometrics zizololonga ikusasa le-KYC, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwayo. Ngokubeka phambili izinqubo ze-KYC, amabhizinisi angavikela kokubili amakhasimende awo kanye nawo ngokwawo emisebenzini yokukhwabanisa futhi avikele ukuthengiselana kwezezimali.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, i-KYC (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) iyisinyathelo sokuphepha esibalulekile esimweni sanamuhla sebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi embonini yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ze-KYC, izikhungo zezezimali zingaqinisekisa ubunikazi bamakhasimende azo, zihlole amaphrofayili abo obungozi, futhi zithobele imithetho emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali.
Izimfuneko ze-KYC zifaka ukuhlonzwa kwekhasimende, ukukhuthala, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi anokuqonda okuphelele ngamakhasimende awo kanye nezingozi ezingase zibe khona. Lolu lwazi luvumela ukuvinjelwa kwemisebenzi yokukhwabanisa, ukushushumbiswa kwemali, nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula, ekugcineni kuvikela kokubili amakhasimende nezikhungo zezezimali.
Ikusasa le-KYC lilele kuzixazululo zobunikazi bedijithali kanye nokwenyuka kokufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwedatha yamakhasimende. Le ntuthuko izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuvikeleka, kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende lwenqubo ye-KYC, kuqhubeke nokuqinisa ukulwa nobugebengu bezezimali. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, i-KYC izodlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuphephile, ukuvikela ebugebengwini bezezimali, kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bohlelo lwezimali zomhlaba.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini i-KYC?
I-KYC imele ukuthi Know Your Customer. Kuyindinganiso embonini yokutshalwa kwezimali eqinisekisa ukuthi abeluleki bangaqinisekisa ubunikazi bekhasimende futhi baqonde ulwazi lwalo lokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nephrofayili yezezimali.
Yiziphi izingxenye ze-KYC?
Izingxenye ezintathu ze-KYC wuhlelo lokuhlonza amakhasimende (CIP), ukukhuthala kwamakhasimende (CDD), kanye nokukhuthala okufanele okuthuthukisiwe (EDD).
Kungani i-KYC ibalulekile embonini yezibambiso?
I-KYC iyisidingo sokuziphatha kochwepheshe embonini yezokuphepha ukuze basungule iphrofayili yomuntu siqu yekhasimende ngalinye futhi bathobele imithetho, iziqondiso, nemithetho.
Yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo ku-KYC?
Izidingo ze-KYC zifaka phakathi ukuthola ulwazi lokuhlonza, ukuqoqa imininingwane yekhasimende, kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe lwamakhasimende asengozini enkulu.
Yimiphi imithetho elawula ukuthotshelwa kwe-KYC?
Ukuthobela i-KYC kulawulwa imithetho efana ne-FINRA Rule 2090 (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) kanye Nomthetho we-FINRA 2111 (Ukufaneleka).
Ngabe i-KYC ihlobana kanjani nezinyathelo zokulwa nokukhwabanisa (i-AML)?
I-KYC iyingxenye yezinyathelo zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali (i-AML) futhi iya ngokuya ibalulekile emakethe ye-cryptocurrency.
Luyini uhlelo lokuhlonza amakhasimende (CIP)?
Uhlelo lokuhlonza amakhasimende (CIP) luyisidingo esibalulekile kunqubo ye-KYC. Igunyaza ukuthi amafemu ezezimali athole izingcezu ezine zolwazi oluhlonza iklayenti, okuhlanganisa igama, usuku lokuzalwa, ikheli, nenombolo kamazisi.
Kuyini ukunakekelwa okufanele kwamakhasimende (CDD)?
I-Customer due diligence (CDD) ihilela ukuqoqa nokuqinisekisa zonke iziqinisekiso zekhasimende ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi balo futhi kuhlolwe iphrofayela yabo engcuphe ukuze uthole umsebenzi osolisayo we-akhawunti.
Yini inkuthalo efanele ethuthukisiwe (EDD)?
Ukukhuthala okuthuthukisiwe (EDD) kuyadingeka kumakhasimende abeka engcupheni enkulu yokungenwa, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula, noma ukushushumbiswa kwemali. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngale kwenqubo ye-CDD evamile luyaqoqwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwazi oluphelele lwamakhasimende.
Ngabe ukuthobela kwe-KYC kuhlobana kanjani nokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali (AML)?
Ukuthobela i-KYC kuxhumene kakhulu nemizamo yokulwa nokukhwabanisa (i-AML). Izikhungo zezezimali kufanele zithobele izindinganiso ze-KYC ukuze zigweme imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, ikakhulukazi ukushushumbiswa kwemali.
Izidingo ze-KYC zenziwa kanjani emakethe ye-cryptocurrency?
Ukwenyuka kwezimali ze-crypto kulethe ukunaka esidingweni se-KYC emakethe yezimpahla zedijithali. Nakuba kungakaphoqelekile, amapulatifomu amaningi e-crypto asebenzise izinqubo ze-KYC ukuze zihambisane nezikhungo zezezimali kanye nemihlahlandlela yokulawula.
Kungani ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kubalulekile?
Ukuqinisekisa kwe-KYC kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amakhasimende ayilabo abathi bayikho futhi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukwebiwa kobunikazi nokukhwabanisa. Kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwehliseni izingozi ezihlobene nokushushumbiswa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kobuphekula.
Isebenza kanjani i-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange?
Izidingo ze-KYC emkhakheni wamabhange zifaka phakathi ukuhlonza amakhasimende, ukuqonda uhlobo nenjongo yemisebenzi yawo, kanye nokwenza inkuthalo efanele ukuhlola ubungozi.
Yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ku-KYC?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-KYC kudinga amakhasimende ukuthi anikeze amadokhumenti afakazela ubunikazi bawo nekheli, njengama-ID akhishwe uhulumeni kanye nobufakazi bekheli njengezikweletu zezinsiza.
Yiziphi izinselelo zokuthobela i-KYC ezibeka ezikhungweni zezimali?
Ukuthobela i-KYC kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ukuthuthukisa nokugcina izinhlelo ze-KYC ezisebenzayo, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko nobunzima bezikhungo zezezimali.
I-digitalization kanye ne-biometrics ingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezinqubo ze-KYC?
Izixazululo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena bedijithali zinika amandla ukuzenzela kanye nokwenza lula inqubo ye-KYC, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe be-biometric buhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe nokunemba ekuqinisekiseni ubunikazi bamakhasimende.
Ngabe iziqondiso nemithetho ye-AMLD iyithinta kanjani i-KYC?
Iziqondiso ze-AMLD, ezifana ne-AMLD4 kanye ne-AMLD5 eYurophu, zethula izidingo eziqinile ze-KYC ezikhungweni zezimali, zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda amakhasimende, ukukhuthala okufanele, kanye nokuthobela imithethonqubo.
Liyini ikusasa le-KYC?
Ikusasa le-KYC cishe lizololongwa intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bobunikazi bedijithali kanye nokwanda kokufakwa endaweni eyodwa kwedatha yamakhasimende, okugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nolwazi lwamakhasimende.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-KYC?
Izinzuzo ze-KYC zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho, ukuvikela ubuqotho besistimu yezezimali, nokuvikela amakhasimende namabhizinisi ekukhwabaniseni nasekulahlekelweni okubangelwa yizimali ezingekho emthethweni nemisebenzi.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-KYC ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuphephile?
I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okuvikelekile ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi angobani amakhasimende, ukuhlola amaphrofayili awo engcuphe, kanye nokwengamela ukuthengiselana kwawo ngemisebenzi esolisayo.
