Xa kufikwa kwishishini lokungcakaza, elinye igama elihlala livela yi-KYC - Yazi uMthengi Wakho. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-KYC, kwaye isebenza njani? Makhe sihlolisise intsingiselo kunye nenkcazo ye-KYC kwaye sihlolisise ukubaluleka kwayo kwihlabathi lezemali.
I-KYC, imfutshane ethi Yazi uMthengi Wakho, sisenzo esisemgangathweni kushishino lokungcakaza oluqinisekisa ukuba abacebisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani umxhasi kwaye babe nokuqonda okubanzi kolwazi lwabo lotyalo-mali kunye neprofayile yemali. Ibandakanya amacandelo amathathu aphambili: inkqubo yokuchonga abathengi (CIP), inkuthalo yomthengi (CDD), kunye ukomelezwa kokuzimisela (EDD).
Njengemfuneko yokuziphatha kwiingcali kushishino lwezokhuseleko, i-KYC inceda ukuseka iprofayili yobuqu yomthengi ngamnye kwaye iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, imimiselo, kunye nemithetho. Amaziko emali kufuneka afumane ulwazi lokuchonga, aqokelele iziqinisekiso zabathengi, kwaye aqokelele ulwazi olongezelelweyo kubathengi abasengozini enkulu. Ukuthobela i-KYC ilawulwa yimimiselo efana ne-FINRA Rule 2090 (Yazi uMthengi Wakho) kunye ne-FINRA Rule 2111 (Ukufaneleka). Ukongeza, i-KYC yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemilinganiselo yokulwa nokuthunjwa kwemali (AML) kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwimarike ye-cryptocurrency.
Ukuthatha okuQatha:
- I-KYC (Yazi uMthengi Wakho) yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kushishino longcakazo oluqinisekisa ukuba abacebisi banokuqinisekisa ubuni bomthengi kwaye baqonde iprofayile yabo yezemali.
- Amacandelo amathathu e-KYC yinkqubo yokuchonga abathengi (CIP), inkuthalo yomthengi (CDD), kunye ukomelezwa kokuzimisela (EDD).
- Ukuthobela i-KYC kubalulekile kwiingcali kushishino lwezokhuseleko ukuseka iprofayili yobuqu yomthengi ngamnye kunye nokuthobela imimiselo nemithetho.
- I-KYC yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemilinganiselo yokulwa nokuthunjwa kwemali (AML) kwaye ifumana ukubaluleka kwimarike ye-cryptocurrency.
- Ukuthobela Imimiselo ye-KYC inceda ukuthomalalisa ubungozi bolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali olufana nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali ngobunqolobi.
Iimfuno ze-KYC: Inkqubo yokuchonga uMthengi (CIP)
Ukuze uthobele Imimiselo ye-KYC, amaziko emali kufuneka abambelele kwiNkqubo yokuSazisa uMthengi (CIP). I-CIP ifuna la maziko ukuba aqokelele kwaye angqinisise amasuntswana amane aphambili okuchonga ulwazi malunga nabathengi bawo: amagama abo, umhla wokuzalwa, idilesi, kunye nenombolo yesazisi. Ngokwesiqhelo, abaxumi kufuneka babonelele ngesazisi esikhutshwe ngurhulumente njengobungqina besazisi sabo, kwaye amanye amaziko anokufuna iindlela ezimbini zesazisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukongeza. Ukuqinisekiswa kwedilesi kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinjengobungqina besazisi okanye amaxwebhu akhaphayo.
Ngokuphumeza i-CIP, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa ukuba aqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo iinkcukacha zabathengi bawo kwaye athobela Imimiselo ye-KYC. Oku akuncedi kuphela ekuthinteleni imisebenzi yobuqhophololo kodwa konyusa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweentengiselwano zemali. I-CIP licandelo elibalulekileyo le Iimfuno ze-KYC kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali.
Ukushwankathela, i-CIP linyathelo eliyimfuneko kwi Inkqubo ye-KYC efuna ukuba amaziko emali aqokelele kwaye aqinisekise ulwazi oluphambili lokuchonga kubaxumi bawo. Ngokwenza njalo, banokuseka ubunyani bezazisi zabathengi babo, bathobele imimiselo ye-KYC, kwaye banciphise iingozi ezinxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Ngokunyuka kwedijithali kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji, i-CIP iya ilungelelaniswa kwaye isebenze kakuhle, ivumela iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo nezikhuselekileyo zokukhwela abathengi.
| Iimfuno ze-CIP | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Uchonga | Amaziko emali kufuneka aqokelele kwaye aqinisekise amagama abathengi, imihla yokuzalwa, iidilesi kunye neenombolo zezazisi. |
| Isazisi esikhutshwa ngurhulumente | Abathengi ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka babonelele ngesazisi esikhutshwe ngurhulumente njengobungqina bezazisi zabo. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kwedilesi | Ukuqinisekiswa kwedilesi kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengobungqina besazisi okanye amaxwebhu akhaphayo. |
| Khu seleko | Ukuphumeza i-CIP kwandisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweentengiselwano zemali kwaye kunceda ukuthintela izenzo zobuqhophololo. |
Qaphela: Itheyibhile engentla ishwankathela iimfuno eziphambili kunye neenzuzo zokuphumeza iNkqubo yokuChonga umThengi (CIP) njengenxalenye yokuthotyelwa kwe-KYC.
Iimfuno ze-KYC: Ukunyameka koMthengi (CDD)
Iimfuno ze-KYC hamba ngaphaya kokuchongwa kwabathengi kunye nokubandakanya ukunyamekela kwabathengi (CDD). CDD yinxalenye ebalulekileyo Inkqubo ye-KYC kwaye ibandakanya ukuqokelela kunye nokuqinisekisa zonke iinkcukacha zabaxumi ukuze baqinisekise ubuni babo kunye nokuvavanya iprofayile yabo yomngcipheko kwimisebenzi enokubakho yeakhawunti ekrokrisayo. Ngokuqhuba ngokucokisekileyo ngokucokisekileyo, amaziko emali anokuchonga abathengi abasengozini enkulu kwaye athobe iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nenkxaso yobunqolobi.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yeCDD, amaziko emali afumana ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi yeshishini lomthengi, avavanye udidi lwabo lomngcipheko, kwaye aqinisekise amaxwebhu anje ngeebhili eziluncedo zobungqina bedilesi. Le ndlela ibanzi ivumela amaziko ukuba aqonde ngcono abathengi bawo kwaye enze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga neeakhawunti zabo.
"Ukunyameka komthengi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-KYC, evumela amaziko emali ukuba ahlole inqanaba lomngcipheko wabathengi bawo kwaye aphumeze amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali."
Imiba ephambili yeCDD kwi-KYC:
- Ukuqokelela kunye nokuqinisekisa iziqinisekiso zabathengi
- Ukuvavanya iiprofayili zomngcipheko wabathengi
- Ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemisebenzi yoshishino lwabathengi
- Amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa ubungqina bedilesi
Inkqubo yeCDD idala iprofayili yabathengi ebanzi, inceda amaziko emali aqonde imisebenzi yemali yabathengi kunye nokuchonga naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Ngokuqinisekisa iCDD esebenzayo, amaziko anokugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwaye azikhusele kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali.
| CDD Amanyathelo | inkcazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqokelela iziqinisekiso zabathengi | Qokelela zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko kunye namaxwebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthengi ungubani. |
| Ukuvavanya iiprofayili zomngcipheko | Vavanya inqanaba lomngcipheko womthengi ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yabo yeshishini, imbali yemali, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo. |
| Ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bedilesi | Qinisekisa idilesi yendawo yokuhlala yomthengi okanye yeshishini ngamaxwebhu afana namatyala oncedo okanye iingqeshiso. |
| Ukubeka iliso kwimisebenzi ye-akhawunti | Qhubeka ubeke iliso kwintengiselwano yabathengi kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi ekrokrisayo, uqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-KYC. |
"Ukunyameka komthengi linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-KYC, evumela amaziko emali ukuba ahlole umngcipheko wabathengi kwaye athintele ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali olunokwenzeka."
"I-CDD inceda amaziko emali ukuba aqonde abathengi bawo kwaye athobe imingcipheko enokubakho enxulumene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nenkxaso yobunqolobi."
IiMfuno ze-KYC: Ukukhuthala okuPhumelelweyo okuPhuhliweyo (EDD)
Ukomelezwa kokufaneleka (EDD) ngumba obalulekileyo Iimfuno ze-KYC ejolise ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni abathengi abasemngciphekweni ophezulu. Eli nqanaba elongezelelweyo lokuphonononga liyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML) kunye nokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali olufana nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali, ukuxhasa ngemali ubunqolobi, kunye nobuqhophololo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-EDD, amaziko emali ahamba ngaphaya kweenkqubo zokunyamekela kwabathengi (CDD) ukuqokelela ulwazi olongezelelweyo kunye nokwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lwemvelaphi kunye nomsebenzi womthengi. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya umthombo wemali yomthengi, ubudlelwane boshishino, kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezinokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Injongo ephambili ye-EDD kukufumana ukuqonda okubanzi kweprofayili yomngcipheko womthengi kunye nokufumanisa naziphi na iiflegi ezibomvu ezinokubonisa imisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Ngokuphumeza imilinganiselo ye-EDD, amaziko emali anokuphucula iinzame zawo zokulawula umngcipheko kwaye omeleze ngokupheleleyo Ukuthobela i-KYC sikhokelo.
I-EDD isebenza njengokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, iqinisekisa ukuba amaziko anenkqubo eqinileyo ekhoyo yokuchonga nokubeka iliso kubathengi abasemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngokuqokelelwa kolwazi olongezelelweyo kunye nohlalutyo olucokisekileyo lokuziphatha kwabathengi, i-EDD ibonelela ngenqanaba elinzulu lokuqonda kwimingcipheko enokwenzeka kwaye yenza ukuba amaziko athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze athobe.
| Imiba ePhambili yeNkuthalo eyandisiweyo (EDD) | ukubaluleka |
|---|---|
| Iprofayile yoMthengi eyomeleziweyo | Ngokwenza uhlalutyo olucacileyo lweprofayili yezemali yomthengi, imibutho yoshishino, kunye neepatheni zentengiselwano, amaziko emali anokufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kwinqanaba lomngcipheko womthengi. |
| Ukuchongwa kweSalathi soMngcipheko omKhulu | I-EDD inceda ukuchonga izibonakaliso ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ezifana nemithamo yentengiselwano engaqhelekanga, imithombo yemali engahambelaniyo, kunye nezakhiwo zobunini ezinzima, okwenza ukuba amaziko enze uphando ngakumbi kwaye athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko. |
| Ukubeka iliso okuPhuculweyo kunye noNgxelo | Amaziko emali kufuneka aseke iinkqubo ezomeleleyo zokubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nokunika ingxelo kubathengi abasengozini enkulu. Oku kubandakanya uphononongo rhoqo lomsebenzi wabathengi, ukujonga intengiselwano, kunye nokuxela imisebenzi ekrokrisayo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. |
Ukuphumeza imilinganiselo ye-EDD kunokuzisa imingeni kumaziko emali ngenxa yezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo kunye nobuchule obufunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, le miceli mngeni inokuncitshiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zetekhnoloji ezenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zilungelelanise inkqubo ye-EDD. Uhlalutyo lwedatha oluphezulu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI), kunye nokufunda koomatshini kunokunceda amaziko abone iipateni kunye nezinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokufuna uphando olongezelelweyo.
Ukuqukumbela, inkuthalo eyandisiweyo (EDD) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeemfuno ze-KYC ezinceda amaziko emali achonge kwaye alawule abathengi abasengozini enkulu. Ngokudlulela ngaphaya kweenkqubo zokunyamekela abathengi, amaziko anokufumana ukuqonda okubanzi malunga neprofayili yomngcipheko womthengi kwaye athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Nangona ukuphumeza i-EDD kunokuba ngumngeni, ukusebenzisa izisombululo zetekhnoloji kunokunceda ukulungisa inkqubo kunye nokwandisa iinzame zokuthobela.
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC: I-AML kunye ne-KYC
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo neenzame zokulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML). I-US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (i-FinCEN) ifuna ukuba abathengi kunye namaziko emali ahambelane nemigangatho ye-KYC yokuthintela umsebenzi ongekho mthethweni, ngokukodwa ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali. Amaziko emali kufuneka aqonde uhlobo kunye nenjongo yobudlelwane bomthengi, aphuhlise iprofayili yomngcipheko womthengi, kwaye agcine ulwazi oluchanekileyo lomthengi. Ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekekayo kwee-akhawunti zemisebenzi ekrokrisayo nako kubalulekile. Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kuyimfuneko yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali kunye nokuthobela imimiselo esebenzayo.
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kunye ne-AML
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumlo ochasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Ngokuphumeza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ze-KYC, amaziko emali anokubona kwaye athintele imisebenzi engekho mthethweni kwaye akhusele abathengi babo, ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali, kunye nodumo lwabo. Amanyathelo e-KYC aquka ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi, ukuvavanya iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kunye nokubeka iliso kwiintengiselwano zabo. Ngokulandela la manyathelo ngenkuthalo, amaziko emali anokuxhasa iinzame ze-AML kwaye aqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo efanelekileyo kunye nomthetho.
“Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenzame ze-AML kushishino lwezemali. Inceda amaziko emali ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali ngokuqinisekisa ukuba banolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nolwazi lwangoku malunga nabathengi babo. Ngokuseka ingqiqo ebanzi yesazisi somthengi ngamnye kunye neprofayili yomngcipheko, amaziko emali axhotyiswe ngcono ukuchonga nokunika ingxelo ngentengiselwano ekrokrisayo. Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC ayisiyomfuneko yolawulo kuphela kodwa linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokukhusela imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali.”
Abalawuli kunye nabasemagunyeni kwihlabathi jikelele bayayiqaphela ukubaluleka kwe-KYC ukuthotyelwa kokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemali. Baye baphumeza izikhokelo ezomeleleyo kunye nezikhokelo zokuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko emali ahambelana nemigangatho ye-KYC. Le mimiselo ihlala ibandakanya iimfuno zokuchongwa kwabathengi, inkuthalo efanelekileyo, kunye nokubeka iliso okuqhubekayo. Ngokuthobela le migaqo, amaziko emali anokuba negalelo kwinkqubo yezemali ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo, ekhuthaza ukuthembana nokuzithemba phakathi kwabathengi, abalawuli kunye noluntu.
| Amaphuzu aphambili | Iinzuzo zokuThobela i-KYC |
|---|---|
| 1 | Ukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nenkxaso-mali yabanqolobi |
| 2 | Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali |
| 3 | Ukukhusela abathengi kubuqhophololo kunye nokubiwa kwezazisi |
| 4 | Ukuthobela iimfuno zolawulo kunye nokuphepha izohlwayo |
Ukuqukumbela, ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC ngumba osisiseko kwiinzame ze-AML kushishino lwemali. Inceda ekuthinteleni ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, inkxaso-mali yabanqolobi, nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko emali anolwazi oluchanekileyo noluhlaziyiweyo lwabathengi. Ngokuthobela imimiselo kunye nezikhokelo ze-KYC, amaziko emali anokuba negalelo ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kwenkqubo yezemali ngelixa ekhusela abathengi babo kunye nodumo lwabo.
I-KYC kunye ne-Cryptocurrency
Ukunyuka kwee-cryptocurrencies kuzise ingqalelo kwimfuno ye-KYC kwimarike ye-asethi yedijithali. Ii-Cryptocurrencies zibonelela ngokutshintshiselana ngokusemthethweni, okunokuthi kuququzelele ukuthengiswa kwemali kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Amaqumrhu alawulayo acinga ngokubeka iimfuno ze-KYC kumaqonga e-cryptocurrency ukulwa imisebenzi enjalo. Nangona kungekanyanzeliswa, iiplatifomu ezininzi ze-crypto ziye zasebenzisa izenzo ze-KYC ukulungelelanisa namaziko emali kunye nezikhokelo zokulawula. I-KYC kwindawo ye-cryptocurrency inceda ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokuthintela ukuthengiselana ngobuqhetseba.
Enye indawo ephambili apho i-KYC isiya ibaluleke kakhulu ikwindawo yeekhasino ze-crypto. La maqonga e-intanethi avumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangcakaze nge-cryptocurrencies, ebenza babe nomtsalane kubo bobabini abadlali abasemthethweni kunye nabo banenjongo ekhohlakeleyo. Ngokungaziwa okubonelelwa nge-cryptocurrencies, kuyabaluleka ukuba iikhasino ze-crypto ziphumeze amanyathelo angqongqo e-KYC. Ukuqinisekiswa kwezazisi zabathengi kunye nokuqokelelwa kolwazi olufanelekileyo kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, ubuqhetseba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu abasesichengeni.
Itheyibhuli:
| IiNzuzo ze-KYC kwiMarike ye-Cryptocurrency |
|---|
| I-KYC inceda ukukhusela imali kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni kwindawo ye-crypto. |
| Ukuphumeza izenzo ze-KYC kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yolawulo. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kwezazisi zabathengi kunceda ukuthintela ukuthengiselana ngobuqhetseba. |
| Amanyathelo e-KYC aphucula ukucaca kunye nokuthembela kwimarike ye-crypto. |
Ngokuphumeza iiprothokholi ze-KYC, iikhasino ze-crypto zinokuseka inqanaba lokuthembela kunye nokhuseleko kubasebenzisi bazo. Ibavumela ukuba bazahlule njengabaqhubi abanoxanduva nabathobelayo kwishishini elivela ngokukhawuleza. Nangona abanye banokuthi i-KYC ichasene nemigaqo yokungaziwa ukuba i-cryptocurrencies ibonelela, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuyimfuneko ukukhusela abasebenzisi kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo yemarike ye-asethi yedijithali.
Ukuqinisekisa iMarike yeCrypto eKhuselekileyo kunye nesemthethweni
Izenzo ze-KYC azincedi nje kuphela ukuthintela imisebenzi engekho mthethweni kodwa zinegalelo ekuzinzeni kwexesha elide lemarike ye-cryptocurrency. Ngokuphumeza iimfuno ze-KYC, iiplatifomu ze-crypto zinokuseka indawo ekhuselekileyo apho abasebenzisi banokubandakanyeka kwiintengiselwano ezisemthethweni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukukhwabanisa okanye imisebenzi yobuqhetseba.
Caphula:
“I-KYC ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuvunyweni kwee-cryptocurrencies njengohlobo olusemthethweni lwemali yedijithali. Ngokuqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye nokuthotyelwa, sinokwakha ukuthembana kwaye sitsale abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kwimarike ye-crypto. " -Ingcali yeshishini le-Crypto.
Njengoko imakethi ye-cryptocurrency iqhubeka nokuvela, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimfuno ze-KYC ziya kusasazeka kwaye zingqongqo. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela abatyali-mali bobabini kunye nodumo lweemali zedijithali. Imisebenzi ye-KYC kwishishini le-crypto linyathelo eliya ekuqinisekiseni imarike kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kwexesha elide.
UQinisekiso lwe-KYC: Ukubaluleka koQinisekiso lweSazisi soMthengi
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC ngumba obalulekileyo we Inkqubo ye-KYC. Ibandakanya ukuseka kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamaxwebhu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abathengi bayiloo nto babanga ukuba yiyo kwaye inceda ukuthintela ubusela besazisi kunye nobuqhophololo.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kukunciphisa imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nenkxaso-mali yobunqolobi. Ngokuqinisekisa ngokucokisekileyo iinkcukacha zabaxumi, amaziko emali anokunciphisa amathuba okuba neemali ezingekho mthethweni ezingena kwinkqubo. Oku kunceda ukukhusela isidima senkqubo yezemali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini anokusebenza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
“Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC sisiseko solawulo lwesazisi somthengi. Ivumela amaziko emali ukuba aseke izinga lokuthembela kubathengi bawo, eqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abasemthethweni kuphela abanikwa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zabo, "utsho uJane Smith, ingcali ye-KYC kwi-XYZ Financial Services.
Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ye-KYC ibandakanya ukucela abathengi ukuba babonelele ngamaxwebhu afanelekileyo okuqinisekisa isazisi. La maxwebhu asenokuquka amakhadi ezazisi akhutshwe ngurhulumente, iincwadana zokundwendwela, okanye amaphepha-mvume okuqhuba. Ukongeza, abathengi banokufuneka banikezele ngamaxwebhu ongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa idilesi yabo, njengamatyala oncedo okanye iingxelo zebhanki.
| Izibonelelo zoQinisekiso lwe-KYC | Imingeni yoQinisekiso lwe-KYC |
|---|---|
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Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC linyathelo elibalulekileyo kushishino lwezemali ukuqinisekisa ubunyani bezazisi zabathengi kunye nokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Ngokuphumeza iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezomeleleyo kunye nokuthobela iimfuno zolawulo, amaziko emali anokuseka ukuthembana kubathengi bawo kwaye abe negalelo kwinkqubo yezemali ekhuselekileyo neselubala.
I-KYC kwiCandelo leBhanki: Ukuchongwa koMthengi kunye neNkuthalo efanelekileyo
Icandelo leebhanki lelinye lawona mmandla uphambili apho iimfuneko zokwazi uMthengi wakho (KYC) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-KYC kwicandelo lebhanki ibandakanya ukuchongwa kwabathengi kunye nokuqhuba ukunyamekela ukuvavanya umngcipheko. Amaziko emali anoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba ngoobani abathengi bawo, kuquka abanini bamashishini aluncedo, kunye nokuphonononga ii-akhawunti zabathengi ngayo nayiphi na into ekrokrisayo okanye engekho mthethweni.
Ukuchongwa kwabathengi ngumba osisiseko we-KYC kwicandelo leebhanki. Iibhanki kufuneka zifumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nabathengi babo, kubandakanya igama labo elipheleleyo, umhla wokuzalwa, idilesi kunye nenombolo yesazisi. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekusekeni isazisi somthengi kunye nokuthobela imimiselo ye-KYC. Iibhanki zisenokufuna ukuba abathengi babonelele ngezazisi ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente, ezifana namaphepha-mvume okuqhuba okanye iincwadana zokundwendwela, ukuze baqinisekise ukuba bangoobani.
Inyameko lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo le-KYC kwicandelo leebhanki. Kubandakanya ukuvavanya umngcipheko onxulumene nomthengi ngokuqokelela ulwazi olubanzi malunga nemisebenzi yabo yeshishini, utshintshiselwano lwezemali, kunye nenqanaba lomngcipheko. Iibhanki kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zinokuqonda ngokucacileyo uhlobo kunye nenjongo yemisebenzi yomthengi ukufumanisa nokuthintela imisebenzi yemali engekho mthethweni, efana nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali okanye ukuxhaswa ngabanqolobi.
Isishwankathelo, iimfuno ze-KYC kwicandelo lebhanki zijolise ekuchongeni abathengi, ukuqonda imisebenzi yabo, kunye nokuqhuba ukunyamekela ukuvavanya umngcipheko. Ngokuthobela ezi mfuno, iibhanki zinokugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, kunye nokuthobela izikhokelo zokulawula.
Amaxwebhu e-KYC: Ubungqina besazisi kunye nedilesi
Inkqubo ye-KYC ifuna ukuba abathengi babonelele ngamaxwebhu athile ukubonisa ubuni babo kunye nedilesi. La maxwebhu abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ulwazi lwabathengi kunye nokuthobela imimiselo ye-KYC. Nanga amanye amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo afunwa ngamaziko emali:
- Isazisi esikhutshwe ngurhulumente: Abathengi badla ngokucelwa ukuba banikeze isazisi esisebenzayo esikhutshwe ngurhulumente esifana nelayisenisi yokuqhuba, incwadana yokundwendwela, isiqinisekiso sokuzalwa, okanye ikhadi lokhuseleko loluntu. Amanye amaziko anokufuna iindlela ezimbini zesazisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngakumbi.
- Ubungqina bedilesi: Abathengi kufuneka banikeze amaxwebhu aqinisekisa idilesi yabo yangoku. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokubonisa amatyala asetyenziswayo, iingxelo zebhanki, okanye izivumelwano zokurenta. Uxwebhu kufuneka lubonise igama lomthengi kunye nedilesi kwaye kufuneka lube kutshanje (kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo) ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
Amaziko emali asebenzisa la maxwebhu ukuseka ubunyani bezazisi zabathengi kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo yabo yokuhlala. Ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwedilesi zizinto eziphambili zokuthotyelwa kwe-KYC, njengoko zinceda ukunciphisa imingcipheko ehambelana nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali, ubuqhophololo kunye nezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukuba amaziko emali ahlolisise ngononophelo kwaye aqinisekise la maxwebhu ukugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ye-KYC. Iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezingqongqo zinceda ukuthintela ubusela besazisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo, nokukhusela abathengi kunye namashishini kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemali.
Ukubaluleka koQinisekiso olululo lwe-KYC
Uqinisekiso olululo lwe-KYC lubalulekile kubume bemali banamhlanje. Ivumela amaziko ukuba aseke intembeko kubathengi bawo, athintele izenzo zobuqhophololo, kwaye athobele iimfuno zolawulo. Ngokuqokelela kunye nokuqinisekisa amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kolwazi lwabathengi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wemisebenzi engekho mthethweni.
Ngokunyuka kwetekhnoloji yedijithali, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa i-KYC ziye zalungelelaniswa kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Izisombululo ezizenzekelayo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhayometriki, ezifana nokubonwa kobuso kunye nokuhlolwa kweminwe, kuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa. Olu tshintsho luvumela ukukhwela ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa amaphepha enziwe ngesandla, kunye nokubonelela ngamava angenamthungo kubathengi ngelixa ugcina imigangatho yokuthobela eyomeleleyo.
| Amaxwebhu e-KYC | Ubungqina besazisi | Ubungqina bedilesi |
|---|---|---|
| Isazisi esikhutshwe ngurhulumente | Ilayisensi yokuqhuba, incwadana yokundwendwela, isatifikethi sokuzalwa, ikhadi lokhuseleko loluntu | Amatyala asetyenziswayo, iingxelo zebhanki, izivumelwano zokurenta |
| Kutshanje kwaye kusebenza | Iyasebenza kwaye ayiphelelwanga | Kwiinyanga ezintathu zokugqibela |
Ngokuphumeza iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezomeleleyo ze-KYC kunye nokusebenzisa ubugcisa obuphambili, amaziko emali anokukhusela ngcono abathengi bawo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali xa iyonke.
Imingeni yokuThobela i-KYC kunye neendleko
Ukuthobela i-Know Your Customer (KYC) imigaqo inika imingeni ebalulekileyo kumaziko emali, zombini ngokweendleko kunye nobunzima. Inani elandayo leemfuno zolawulo kunye nesidingo sokunyameka komthengi ngokucokisekileyo kukhokelele ekunyukeni kweendleko zokuthotyelwa kwamashishini. Ngokophando, amaziko emali angachitha izigidi zeedola ngonyaka ekuthotyelweni kwe-KYC. Ezi ndleko ziquka utyalo-mali kwezobuchwepheshe, abasebenzi, uqeqesho, kunye neenkonzo zeqela lesithathu.
Ubunzima bokuthotyelwa kwe-KYC buvela kwimfuno yokuqokelela kunye nokuqinisekisa ulwazi olubanzi lwabathengi, ukwenza uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo zokuhlola ezomeleleyo. Amaziko emali kufuneka achonge kwaye aqinisekise iinkcukacha zabaxumi bawo, avavanye iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kwaye abeke iliso kwintengiselwano yabo kwimisebenzi ekrokrisayo. Ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno kubandakanya ukuphuhlisa nokugcina iinkqubo ze-KYC ezibanzi ezihlaziywayo kwaye zilungelelaniswe nemigaqo ephuhlayo kunye nezona ndlela zilungileyo zeshishini.
Ukuthobela imimiselo ye-KYC kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ukuphuhlisa nokugcina iinkqubo ze-KYC ezisebenzayo. Ngokophando, iindleko zokuthobela zingafikelela kwizigidi zeedola ngonyaka kumaziko emali.
Omnye umngeni ekuthotyelweni kwe-KYC sisidingo sohlaziyo oluqhubekayo lolwazi lwabathengi kunye nophononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha. Amaziko emali kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba idatha yabathengi ihlala ichanekile kwaye ihlaziywa, ihlola rhoqo ukuchonga naluphi na utshintsho kwiiprofayili zomngcipheko wabathengi okanye iiflegi ezibomvu ezinokubakho. Oku kubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kufuna izibonelelo ezizinikeleyo kunye neenkqubo ezinobunkunkqele ezinokuhlalutya izixa ezikhulu zedatha kwaye zibhaqe nayiphi na imisebenzi ekrokrisayo.
Ngaphandle kwemingeni kunye neendleko, ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kubalulekile kumaziko emali ukukhusela ubuqhophololo, ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Inceda ukukhusela isidima senkqubo yezemali, ukukhusela abathengi kunye namashishini kwilahleko evela kwiimali ezingekho mthethweni kunye neentengiselwano, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ngelixa iindleko zokuthotyelwa kwe-KYC zinokuba nkulu, zilutyalo-mali oluyimfuneko ukugcina ukuthembana, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzithemba kwishishini lezemali.
Ukwahlulwa kweNdleko zokuThobela i-KYC
| Iindleko Category | Ipesenti yeeNdleko zizonke |
|---|---|
| Utyalo-mali lobuChwephesha | 35% |
| Abasebenzi kunye noQeqesho | 25% |
| Iinkonzo zomntu wesithathu | 20% |
| IiNkqubo zokuJonga nokuNika iNgxelo | 15% |
| Uphicotho-zincwadi lokuthotyelwa | 5% |
IiNdlela eziNtsha kwi-KYC: I-Digitalization kunye ne-Biometrics
Kwixesha lanamhlanje ledijithali, ubugcisa obutsha buyiguqule indlela esijongana ngayo neenkqubo zoKwazi uMthengi Wakho (KYC). Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kweenkqubo ze-KYC kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-biometrics kuye kwavela njengabatshintshi bemidlalo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo ze-KYC.
Indima yokwenziwa kweDijithali
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kweenkqubo ze-KYC kuzise ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo ekuphuculeni ukufakwa kwabathengi kunye nokunciphisa iinkqubo zezandla. Ubunikazi bedijithali izisombululo zokuqinisekisa zenza ukuba ukuqinisekiswa okuzenzekelayo kwezazisi zabathengi, kupheliswe imfuno yokutyelelwa komntu kunye namaphepha. Oku akugcini nje ixesha kunye nezixhobo kodwa kwandisa amava omthengi ngokubanzi. Ngeephothali ezikhuselekileyo ze-intanethi, abathengi banokungenisa ngokulula amaxwebhu abo zesazisi kwaye bagqibezele inkqubo ye-KYC ukusuka kubutofotofo bamakhaya abo.
Amandla eBiometrics
Itekhnoloji yebhayometriki, efana nokubonwa kobuso kunye nokutshekishwa kweminwe, ziye zanda kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-KYC. Ezi ndlela zobuchule zibonelela ngokhuseleko olwandisiweyo kunye nokuchaneka ekuqinisekiseni iinkcukacha zabathengi. Ngokusebenzisa iimpawu ezizodwa zebhayometriki, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bangoobani abathi bangoobani, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubiwa kwezazisi kunye nobuqhetseba. I-Biometrics ibonelela ngendlela eyomeleleyo nethembekileyo yokuqinisekisa ubuwena, eyenza ukuba amaziko emali akhusele ngokuchasene nokophulwa kokhuseleko okunokwenzeka.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiDigitalization kunye neBiometrics
Ukudityaniswa kwedijithali kunye nebhayometriki kwiinkqubo ze-KYC zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Okokuqala, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesantya senkqubo yokukhwela, ivumela amaziko emali ukuba afikelele abathengi ngokukhawuleza nangokungenamthungo. Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kwe-biometrics kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wemisebenzi yobuqhetseba ngokuqinisekisa ubunyani bezazisi zabathengi. Ekugqibeleni, indibaniselwano yedijithali kunye ne-biometrics iphucula ukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokuchaneka kweenkqubo ze-KYC, ukukhusela bobabini abathengi kunye namaziko emali kwiingozi ezinokubakho.
Isishwankathelo, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kweenkqubo ze-KYC kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-biometrics kuguqula indlela esisondela ngayo ekuqinisekiseni isazisi. Ezi ndlela zintsha ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuchaneka kweenkqubo ze-KYC, ekugqibeleni zinceda abathengi kunye namaziko emali. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili, ikamva le-KYC ngokungathandabuzekiyo liya kubunjwa kukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi nobunijithali izisombululo kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhayometriki.
I-Global Landscape ye-KYC: I-AMLD Directive kunye neMimiselo
Imigaqo ye-KYC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nenkxaso-mali yabanqolobi kwihlabathi jikelele. EYurophu, i-4 kunye neyesihlanu i-Anti-Money Laundering Directives (i-AMLD5 kunye ne-AMLDXNUMX) iye yazisa iimfuno ezingqongqo kumaziko emali ukuba athobele. Le miyalelo igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda abathengi, ukuqhuba inkuthalo efanelekileyo, kunye nokugcina imigangatho engqongqo ye-KYC.
Ngaphantsi kwemiyalelo ye-AMLD4 kunye ne-AMLD5, amaziko emali afuneka ukuba aphumeze ukuchongwa kwabathengi abaqinileyo kunye neenkqubo zokunyamekela. Oku kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bangoobani, ukubekw'esweni okuqhubekayo kwee-akhawunti zabathengi, kunye nokuxela intengiselwano ekrokrisayo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Ngokuthobela le mimiselo, amaziko emali anokuba negalelo kumlo wehlabathi wokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali.
| Imiba ephambili ye-AMLD4 kunye ne-AMLD5: | Impembelelo kumaZiko eZimali: |
|---|---|
| Ukunyameka koMthengi okomeleziweyo (CDD) | Amaziko emali kufuneka atyale imali kwitekhnoloji ephezulu kunye nobuchule bokuqhuba iCDD ngokucokisekileyo kubathengi abasengozini enkulu. |
| Indlela esekelwe kumngcipheko | Amaziko emali kufuneka aphuhlise iiprofayili zomngcipheko kubathengi bawo kwaye aphumeze imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokufanelekileyo. |
| Ukuchongwa koBunini boNcedo bokugqibela (UBO). | Amaziko emali kufuneka achonge kwaye aqinisekise abona banini bamaqumrhu asemthethweni axhaphakileyo ukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali ngokusetyenziswa kobunini obuntsonkothileyo. |
| UVavanyo loMngcipheko wabathengi | Amaziko emali kufuneka avavanye kwaye ahlele abathengi ngokusekwe kwiiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko ukumisela inqanaba lonyameko olufunekayo. |
| Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi | Amaziko emali kufuneka agcine iirekhodi ezichanekileyo nezihlaziyiweyo zolwazi lwabathengi, iintengiselwano, kunye nemilinganiselo yonyameko. |
Ngokubanzi, izikhokelo ze-AMLD zomeleze kakhulu imimiselo ye-KYC kunye neemfuno zokuthotyelwa kumaziko emali. Ngokusebenzisa le migaqo, amazwe ajolise ekukhuseleni iinkqubo zawo zemali ekusetyenzisweni njengemijelo yemisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Amaziko emali kufuneka ahlale enolwazi kwaye alungelelanise le mimiselo eqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokugcina imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi.
Ikamva le-KYC: Isazisi seDijithali kunye ne-Centralization
Ikamva loKwazi uMthengi Wakho (KYC) limiselwe ukuba libunjwe luphuculo kwi nobunijithali itekhnoloji kwaye yanda ukubekwa ngaphakathi yedatha yabathengi. Olu phuhliso lubonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo ze-KYC, ukuphucula amava omthengi ngokubanzi kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Izisombululo zesazisi zeDijithali zidlala indima ephambili kwikamva le-KYC. Ezi zisombululo ziphakamisa itekhnoloji ukuze zizenzele kwaye zilungelelanise inkqubo yokukhwela umthengi, ukunciphisa amaphepha okusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ubuwena bedijithali ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kwekhadi le-ID, ukuqinisekiswa kobuso, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamaxwebhu, amaziko emali anokuseka kwaye aqinisekise iinkcukacha zabathengi bawo ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Ukongeza kwisazisi sedijithali, ikamva le-KYC likwabandakanya ukubekwa ngaphakathi yedatha yabathengi. Ngokubeka kwindawo enye ulwazi lwabathengi, amaziko emali anokuphuhlisa ukuqonda okubanzi kwabathengi bawo kwaye avavanye iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Le ndlela ibekwe kwindawo esembindini yenza kube lula ukujongwa kwentengiselwano kunye nemisebenzi yabathengi, ivumela ukubonwa kwangethuba kokuziphatha okukrokrisayo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olunokwenzeka lwemali.
Izibonelelo zeSazisi seDijithali kunye ne-Centralization kwi-KYC
Ukwamkelwa kobunikazi bedijithali kunye ukubekwa ngaphakathi kwi-KYC ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kumaziko emali nakubathengi. Ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili ziquka:
- Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo: Izisombululo zesazisi zeDijithali zilungelelanisa inkqubo yokukhwela, ukunciphisa ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo kubo bobabini abathengi kunye namaziko emali.
- Ukhuseleko olomeleziweyo: Iindlela zokuqinisekisa isazisi seDijithali, ezifana nobuchwepheshe bebhayometriki, zibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko xa kuthelekiswa neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuchonga.
- Amava oMthengi angcono: Ukusetyenziswa kwesazisi sedijithali kunye ne-centralization yenza lula inkqubo ye-KYC kubathengi, okukhokelela kumava angenamthungo naluncedo.
- Uvavanyo loMngcipheko olusebenzayo: Ukubekwa kwindawo enye kwedatha yabathengi kuvumela uvandlakanyo olubanzi lweeprofayili zomngcipheko wabathengi, okwenza ukuba amaziko emali achonge kwaye athomalalise imingcipheko enokubakho ngokufanelekileyo.
Lilonke, ikamva le-KYC lilele ekuxhaseni itekhnoloji yezazisi zedijithali kunye nokubeka kumbindi wedatha yabathengi. Ezi nkqubela phambili aziphuculi nje kuphela ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-KYC kodwa zikwanegalelo kwisidima senkqubo yezemali.
IiNzuzo ze-KYC: UkuKhusela kuLwaphulo-mthetho lwezeMali
I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwezemali ngokukhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, ngakumbi ukurhwaphiliza ngemali kunye nokuxhasa ngemali ubunqolobi. Ngokuseka iinkqubo ze-KYC ezomeleleyo, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi bawo, avavanye iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kwaye abeke iliso kwintengiselwano yabo kwimisebenzi ekrokrisayo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-KYC kukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ngokulandela iimfuno ze-KYC, amaziko emali angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zawo phantsi kwemimiselo yokulwa nokuthunjwa kwemali kwaye aphephe izohlwayo kunye nemiphumo esemthethweni. Iinkqubo ze-KYC zikwanceda ekukhuseleni ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali ngokuthintela ukungena kweemali ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokukhusela abathengi kunye namashishini kubuqhophololo kunye nelahleko evela kwiintengiselwano ezingekho mthethweni.
Ngaphaya koko, i-KYC yongeza ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwe-ecosystem yezemali. Ngokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabaxumi kunye nokuvavanya iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, amaziko emali anokuchonga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye athobe iingozi ezinokubakho zokurhwaphiliza imali, ukuxhaswa ngemali ngabanqolobi, kunye nezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Oku kunceda ukugcina intembeko kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi kunye stakeabanini kwinkqubo yezemali.
"Iinkqubo ze-KYC zenza ukuba amaziko emali achonge kwaye aqinisekise iinkcukacha zabathengi babo, avavanye iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kwaye abeke iliso kwintengiselwano yabo kwimisebenzi ekrokrisayo."
Lilonke, izibonelelo ze-KYC zifikelela kude. Ngokuphumeza iinkqubo ze-KYC ezisebenzayo, amaziko emali anokunciphisa imingcipheko yolwaphulo-mthetho lwemali, akhusele imisebenzi yawo, kwaye abe negalelo kwimfezeko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi.
Indima ye-KYC ekuqinisekiseni iiNtengiselwano eziKhuselekileyo
I-KYC (Yazi uMthengi Wakho) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo ngokuqinisekisa ubuni babathengi kunye nokuvavanya iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko. Kubalulekile ukuba amaziko emali aseke ubunyani bezazisi zabathengi kwaye abeke iliso kwintengiselwano yabo kwimisebenzi ekrokrisayo. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-KYC, amashishini anokuthintela imisebenzi yobuqhophololo, ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, kunye nenkxaso-mali yobunqolobi, ekugqibeleni ephucula ukhuseleko lwentengiselwano yezemali kunye nokukhusela umdla wabo bobabini abathengi kunye namaziko emali.
Esinye sezizathu ezingundoqo zokuba kutheni i-KYC ibaluleke kakhulu yindima yayo ekudambiseni imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Ngokuqhuba ukuchongwa kwabathengi ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, amaziko emali anokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo iphrofayili yomngcipheko womthengi ngamnye kwaye achonge naziphi na iiflegi ezibomvu ezinokubakho. Oku kunceda ukuthintela iimali ezingekho mthethweni ekungeneni kwinkqubo yezemali kwaye iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo echasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali.
Ngaphezu koko, i-KYC inceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yenkqubo yezemali ngokufaka ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye namashishini. Ngokuqinisekisa ubungqina babathengi, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kweentengiselwano kunye nokukhusela abathengi kwimisebenzi yobuqhetseba. I-KYC ikwanceda ukuthintela ubusela besazisi, njengoko ifuna ukuba abathengi babonelele ngamaxwebhu athembekileyo kunye nobungqina bedilesi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufikelela kwiakhawunti engagunyaziswanga.
“I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo, ukukhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, nokugcina imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali.”
Ngokuxhaphaka kokunyuka kwentengiselwano yedijithali kunye nokunyuka kwee-cryptocurrencies, imfuno yemilinganiselo ye-KYC eyomeleleyo iye yacaca ngakumbi. Izisombululo zokuqinisekiswa kwesazisi seDijithali kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhayometriki zibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo ze-KYC. Ezi nkqubela phambili zilungelelanisa ukukhwela kwabathengi, ukunciphisa amaphepha enziwe ngesandla, kunye nokubonelela ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezongeziweyo ezifana nokuqatshelwa kobuso kunye nokuhlolwa kweminwe. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, ikamva le-KYC liza kugxila ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko kunye namava abathengi.
Ukubaluleka kwe-KYC ekuqinisekiseni iiNtengiselwano eziKhuselekileyo
Ngamafutshane, i-KYC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo ngokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi, ukuvavanya iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kunye nokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Inceda amaziko emali ukuba athobele imimiselo echasene nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nokugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezemali. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, iindlela ezintsha ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kwesazisi sedijithali kunye ne-biometrics ziya kubumba ikamva le-KYC, iphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokubeka phambili imisebenzi ye-KYC, amashishini anokukhusela bobabini abathengi babo kunye nabo ngokwabo kwimisebenzi yobuqhophololo kunye nokukhusela iintengiselwano zemali.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, i-KYC (Yazi uMthengi Wakho) linyathelo lokhuseleko elibalulekileyo kubume beshishini lanamhlanje, ngakumbi kushishino lotyalo-mali kunye neenkonzo zemali. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-KYC, amaziko emali anokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi bawo, avavanye iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kwaye athobele imimiselo yokulwa nokuthunjwa kwemali.
Iimfuno ze-KYC zibandakanya ukuchongwa kwabathengi, inkuthalo efanelekileyo, kunye nokubekw'esweni okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini anokuqonda okubanzi kwabathengi bawo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Olu lwazi luvumela ukuthintelwa kwemisebenzi yobuqhetseba, ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali, kunye nenkxaso-mali yobunqolobi, ekugqibeleni ikhusela abathengi kunye namaziko emali.
Ikamva le-KYC lilele kwizisombululo zesazisi zedijithali kunye nokunyuswa kokunyuswa kwedatha yabathengi. Ezi nkqubela phambili ziza kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye namava kubathengi benkqubo ye-KYC, ukomeleza ngakumbi umlo ochasene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubela phambili, i-KYC iza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo, ukukhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, kunye nokugcina imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi.
FAQ
Yintoni i-KYC?
I-KYC imele i-Know Your Customer. Ngumgangatho kushishino lotyalo-mali oqinisekisa ukuba abacebisi banokuqinisekisa ubuni bomthengi kwaye baqonde ulwazi lwabo lotyalo-mali kunye neprofayili yezemali.
Ngawaphi amacandelo e-KYC?
Amacandelo amathathu e-KYC yinkqubo yokuchongwa kwabathengi (CIP), inkuthalo yabathengi (CDD), kunye nenkuthalo eyandisiweyo (EDD).
Kutheni i-KYC ibalulekile kushishino lwezibambiso?
I-KYC iyimfuneko yokuziphatha kwiingcali kwishishini lezokhuseleko ukuseka iprofayili yobuqu yomthengi ngamnye kwaye ithobele imithetho, imimiselo, kunye nemigaqo.
Loluphi ulwazi olufunekayo kwi-KYC?
Iimfuno ze-KYC ziquka ukufumana ulwazi lokuchonga, ukuqokelela iziqinisekiso zabathengi, kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo kubathengi abasengozini enkulu.
Yeyiphi imigaqo elawula ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC?
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kulawulwa yimigaqo efana ne-FINRA Rule 2090 (Yazi uMthengi Wakho) kunye ne-FINRA Rule 2111 (Ukufaneleka).
Ingaba i-KYC inxulumana njani nemilinganiselo yokulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML)?
I-KYC licandelo lemilinganiselo ye-anti-money laundering (AML) kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwimarike ye-cryptocurrency.
Yintoni inkqubo yokuchonga abathengi (CIP)?
Inkqubo yokuchonga abathengi (CIP) yimfuneko ephambili kwinkqubo ye-KYC. Igunyazisa ukuba iifemu zemali zifumane iinkcukacha ezine zokuchonga malunga nomxhasi, kubandakanywa igama, umhla wokuzalwa, idilesi, kunye nenombolo yesazisi.
Yintoni inkuthalo ngenxa yomthengi (CDD)?
Ukunyameka komthengi (CDD) kubandakanya ukuqokelela kunye nokuqinisekisa zonke iziqinisekiso zabathengi ukuze baqinisekise ubuni babo kwaye bavavanye iprofayile yabo yomngcipheko kwimisebenzi yeakhawunti ekrokrisayo.
Yintoni eyongeziweyo inkuthalo efunekayo (EDD)?
Ukomelezwa kokukhuthala (EDD) kuyimfuneko kubathengi ababeka umngcipheko ophezulu wokungeniswa, ukuxhaswa ngemali yobunqolobi, okanye ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali. Ulwazi olongezelelweyo ngaphaya kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yeCDD iqokelelwa ukuqinisekisa ulwazi olubanzi lwabathengi.
Ingaba ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kunxulumana njani nokulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML)?
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo neenzame zokulwa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali (AML). Amaziko emali kufuneka athobele imigangatho ye-KYC ukuthintela umsebenzi ongekho mthethweni, ngokukodwa ukuthutyeleziswa kwemali.
Iimfuno ze-KYC ziphunyezwa njani kwimarike ye-cryptocurrency?
Ukunyuka kwee-cryptocurrencies kuzise ingqalelo kwimfuno ye-KYC kwimarike ye-asethi yedijithali. Nangona kungekanyanzeliswa, iiplatifomu ezininzi ze-crypto ziye zasebenzisa izenzo ze-KYC ukulungelelanisa namaziko emali kunye nezikhokelo zokulawula.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC?
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abathengi bayiloo nto babanga ukuba yiyo kwaye inceda ukuthintela ubusela besazisi kunye nobuqhophololo. Linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudambiseni imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali kunye nenkxaso-mali yobunqolobi.
Isebenza njani i-KYC kwicandelo leebhanki?
Iimfuno ze-KYC kwicandelo lebhanki zibandakanya ukuchonga abathengi, ukuqonda uhlobo kunye nenjongo yemisebenzi yabo, kunye nokuqhuba ukunyamekela ukuvavanya umngcipheko.
Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo kwi-KYC?
Iitshekhi ze-KYC zifuna ukuba abathengi babonelele ngamaxwebhu angqina ubuni babo kunye nedilesi, efana nezazisi ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente kunye nobungqina bedilesi efana namatyala asetyenziswayo.
Yeyiphi imicelimngeni ebangelwa kukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kumaziko emali?
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-KYC kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ukuphuhlisa nokugcina iinkqubo ze-KYC ezisebenzayo, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko kunye nobunzima kumaziko emali.
Ingaba idijithali kunye nebhayometrikhi inokuphucula njani ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweenkqubo ze-KYC?
Izisombululo zokuqinisekisa isazisi seDijithali zenza ukuba zizenzekele kwaye zilungelelanise inkqubo ye-KYC, ngelixa itekhnoloji yebhayometriki ibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kunye nokuchaneka ekuqinisekiseni ukuzazisi kwabathengi.
Ingaba izikhokelo nemimiselo ye-AMLD iyichaphazela njani i-KYC?
Izikhokelo ze-AMLD, ezifana ne-AMLD4 kunye ne-AMLD5 eYurophu, zizisa iimfuno ezingqongqo ze-KYC kumaziko emali, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda abathengi, ukuqhuba ukunyamekela, kunye nokuthobela imimiselo.
Lithini ikamva le-KYC?
Ikamva le-KYC kusenokwenzeka ukuba libunjwe kukuhambela phambili kobugcisa bezazisi zedijithali kunye nokwanda kokubekelwa bucala kwedatha yabathengi, kugxininise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye namava abathengi.
Ziziphi iingenelo ze-KYC?
Izibonelelo ze-KYC zibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, ukukhusela imfezeko yenkqubo yezemali, kunye nokukhusela abathengi kunye namashishini kubuqhophololo kunye nelahleko evela kwiimali ezingekho mthethweni kunye neentengiselwano.
Yiyiphi indima edlalwa yi-KYC ekuqinisekiseni iintengiselwano ezikhuselekileyo?
I-KYC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo ngokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabathengi, ukuhlola iiprofayili zabo zomngcipheko, kunye nokubeka iliso kwintengiselwano yabo kwimisebenzi ekrokrisayo.
